Neurotransmission

Synapses:
-Chemical synapses:
--About 20nm, wider than electrical synapse.
-Electrical synapses:
--2~3nm, forming gap junctions.
--When gap juntions exist problem, it might cause hereditary disease.

Synapses & Neuromuscular junctions:
-Synapse is used for integration for messages.
--Doesn't always have action when recieving stimulation.
--*Proteins accumulate at postsynaptic side -> Postsynaptic density.
-Neuromuscular junction is between motor neuron & skeletal muscle fibers.
--One stimulation results into on action or movement.
--*Juntional fold -> increasing the surface area.
--*Synaptic vesicles fuses with the presynaptic membrane -> electric capacity (++)

Neurotranmitter -> Synthesis, Storage, Release, Action, Termination.

Neurotransmission:
-Ca2+ - dependenct release.
--Determination step -> vesicle getting close to membrane.
--Quantal Release:
---Ca2+ open the channel in great amount, kicking out Mg2+.
---Mg2+ stucks the channel, while lack Mg2+ -> Quantal Release.
-Activation of neurotransmitter receptor.
--Including NMDA Receptor & GABA Receptor.
-Termination of neurotransmitter activation.
--Ach: G-protein couple receptor.
--Dopamine(DA):
---Dopamine increases -> raises emotion -> split personality.
---Medicine blockage of dopamine return to pre-synapse decreases melancholy.

Presynaptic & Postsynaptic inhibition.

Ionotropic receptors(ligand-gated ion channels)
Metabotropic receptors(G-protein coupled receptors)

Neurotransmitters:
-Acetylcholine:
--Nicotinic receptors & M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 receptors.
-Catcholamines:
--Dopamine -> D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 receptors.
--Norepinephrine -> alpha(1,2) & Beta(1,2,3) receptors.
--Epinephrine.
-Amino Acids:
--Excitatory Amino Acids(EAAs)
---Glutamate(Aspartate) -> NMDA, AMPA & kinate receptors, metabotropic receptors.
--Inhibitory Amino Acids(IAAs)
---GABA -> GABA(A) & GABA(B) receptors.